[Last update 2001nov14]
The Math Behind the 2000 CensusClick to view the PERL script used to generate the data below. |
2000 Census Apportionment of Representatives and Electors |
The formula used to determine the number of House Seats for each State is the Method of Equal Proportions. Each State is automatically assigned one seat to start with (as each State MUST have at least one seat in Congress). First, assign seats 1 thru 50 of 435. 1: Alabama, Population 4461130 2: Alaska, Population 628933 3: Arizona, Population 5140683 4: Arkansas, Population 2679733 5: California, Population 33930798 6: Colorado, Population 4311882 7: Connecticut, Population 3409535 8: Delaware, Population 785068 9: Florida, Population 16028890 10: Georgia, Population 8206975 11: Hawaii, Population 1216642 12: Idaho, Population 1297274 13: Illinois, Population 12439042 14: Indiana, Population 6090782 15: Iowa, Population 2931923 16: Kansas, Population 2693824 17: Kentucky, Population 4049431 18: Louisiana, Population 4480271 19: Maine, Population 1277731 20: Maryland, Population 5307886 21: Massachusetts, Population 6355568 22: Michigan, Population 9955829 23: Minnesota, Population 4925670 24: Mississippi, Population 2852927 25: Missouri, Population 5606260 26: Montana, Population 905316 27: Nebraska, Population 1715369 28: Nevada, Population 2002032 29: New Hampshire, Population 1238415 30: New Jersey, Population 8424354 31: New Mexico, Population 1823821 32: New York, Population 19004973 33: North Carolina, Population 8067673 34: North Dakota, Population 643756 35: Ohio, Population 11374540 36: Oklahoma, Population 3458819 37: Oregon, Population 3428543 38: Pennsylvania, Population 12300670 39: Rhode Island, Population 1049662 40: South Carolina, Population 4025061 41: South Dakota, Population 756874 42: Tennessee, Population 5700037 43: Texas, Population 20903994 44: Utah, Population 2236714 45: Vermont, Population 609890 46: Virginia, Population 7100702 47: Washington, Population 5908684 48: West Virginia, Population 1813077 49: Wisconsin, Population 5371210 50: Wyoming, Population 495304 Equal Proportions are used to determine which states shall receive seats 51 thru 435. Divide each State's population by the square root of n(n-1) where n equals the number of potential seats for a given State. The result is called the Priority Value. Priority Value = Population ÷ SQRT( ( N×(N-1) ) ); where N = potential seats (2 to 53) for the state Assign seats 51 to 435 from those states with the largest priority values. 51: California Seat 2, PV=23992697 52: Texas Seat 2, PV=14781355 53: California Seat 3, PV=13852190 54: New York Seat 2, PV=13438545 55: Florida Seat 2, PV=11334136 56: California Seat 4, PV=9794977 57: Illinois Seat 2, PV=8795730 58: Pennsylvania Seat 2, PV=8697887 59: Texas Seat 3, PV=8534019 60: Ohio Seat 2, PV=8043014 61: New York Seat 3, PV=7758747 62: California Seat 5, PV=7587157 63: Michigan Seat 2, PV=7039834 64: Florida Seat 3, PV=6543766 65: California Seat 6, PV=6194887 66: Texas Seat 4, PV=6034463 67: New Jersey Seat 2, PV=5956917 68: Georgia Seat 2, PV=5803207 69: North Carolina Seat 2, PV=5704706 70: New York Seat 4, PV=5486263 71: California Seat 7, PV=5235635 72: Illinois Seat 3, PV=5078217 73: Pennsylvania Seat 3, PV=5021727 74: Virginia Seat 2, PV=5020954 75: Texas Seat 5, PV=4674275 76: Ohio Seat 3, PV=4643636 77: Florida Seat 4, PV=4627141 78: California Seat 8, PV=4534193 79: Massachusetts Seat 2, PV=4494065 80: Indiana Seat 2, PV=4306833 81: New York Seat 5, PV=4249641 82: Washington Seat 2, PV=4178070 83: Michigan Seat 3, PV=4064450 84: Tennessee Seat 2, PV=4030534 85: California Seat 9, PV=3998782 86: Missouri Seat 2, PV=3964224 87: Texas Seat 6, PV=3816529 88: Wisconsin Seat 2, PV=3798019 89: Maryland Seat 2, PV=3753242 90: Arizona Seat 2, PV=3635011 91: Illinois Seat 4, PV=3590842 92: Florida Seat 5, PV=3584168 93: California Seat 10, PV=3576620 94: Pennsylvania Seat 4, PV=3550897 95: Minnesota Seat 2, PV=3482974 96: New York Seat 6, PV=3469817 97: New Jersey Seat 3, PV=3439228 98: Georgia Seat 3, PV=3350483 99: North Carolina Seat 3, PV=3293613 100: Ohio Seat 4, PV=3283546 101: California Seat 11, PV=3235174 102: Texas Seat 7, PV=3225556 103: Louisiana Seat 2, PV=3168030 104: Alabama Seat 2, PV=3154495 105: Colorado Seat 2, PV=3048961 106: California Seat 12, PV=2953296 107: New York Seat 7, PV=2932531 108: Florida Seat 6, PV=2926461 109: Virginia Seat 3, PV=2898849 110: Michigan Seat 4, PV=2874000 111: Kentucky Seat 2, PV=2863380 112: South Carolina Seat 2, PV=2846147 113: Texas Seat 8, PV=2793413 114: Illinois Seat 5, PV=2781454 115: Pennsylvania Seat 5, PV=2750513 116: California Seat 13, PV=2716638 117: Massachusetts Seat 3, PV=2594649 118: Ohio Seat 5, PV=2543424 119: New York Seat 8, PV=2539646 120: California Seat 14, PV=2515118 121: Indiana Seat 3, PV=2486551 122: Florida Seat 7, PV=2473311 123: Texas Seat 9, PV=2463559 124: Oklahoma Seat 2, PV=2445754 125: New Jersey Seat 4, PV=2431901 126: Oregon Seat 2, PV=2424346 127: Washington Seat 3, PV=2412210 128: Connecticut Seat 2, PV=2410905 129: Georgia Seat 4, PV=2369149 130: California Seat 15, PV=2341447 131: North Carolina Seat 4, PV=2328936 132: Tennessee Seat 3, PV=2327030 133: Missouri Seat 3, PV=2288746 134: Illinois Seat 6, PV=2271047 135: Pennsylvania Seat 6, PV=2245784 136: New York Seat 9, PV=2239757 137: Michigan Seat 5, PV=2226191 138: Texas Seat 10, PV=2203474 139: Wisconsin Seat 3, PV=2192787 140: California Seat 16, PV=2190223 141: Maryland Seat 3, PV=2166935 142: Florida Seat 8, PV=2141950 143: Arizona Seat 3, PV=2098675 144: Ohio Seat 6, PV=2076697 145: Iowa Seat 2, PV=2073182 146: California Seat 17, PV=2057356 147: Virginia Seat 4, PV=2049796 148: Mississippi Seat 2, PV=2017324 149: Minnesota Seat 3, PV=2010896 150: New York Seat 10, PV=2003300 151: Texas Seat 11, PV=1993117 152: California Seat 18, PV=1939694 153: Illinois Seat 7, PV=1919385 154: Kansas Seat 2, PV=1904821 155: Pennsylvania Seat 7, PV=1898034 156: Arkansas Seat 2, PV=1894857 157: Florida Seat 9, PV=1889022 158: New Jersey Seat 5, PV=1883742 159: Georgia Seat 5, PV=1835135 160: California Seat 19, PV=1834767 161: Massachusetts Seat 4, PV=1834694 162: Louisiana Seat 3, PV=1829062 163: Alabama Seat 3, PV=1821248 164: Texas Seat 12, PV=1819459 165: Michigan Seat 6, PV=1817677 166: New York Seat 11, PV=1812053 167: North Carolina Seat 5, PV=1803986 168: Colorado Seat 3, PV=1760318 169: Indiana Seat 4, PV=1758257 170: Ohio Seat 7, PV=1755129 171: California Seat 20, PV=1740613 172: Washington Seat 4, PV=1705690 173: Florida Seat 10, PV=1689593 174: Texas Seat 13, PV=1673658 175: Illinois Seat 8, PV=1662236 176: California Seat 21, PV=1655653 177: New York Seat 12, PV=1654170 178: Kentucky Seat 3, PV=1653173 179: Tennessee Seat 4, PV=1645458 180: Pennsylvania Seat 8, PV=1643746 181: South Carolina Seat 3, PV=1643224 182: Missouri Seat 4, PV=1618387 183: Virginia Seat 5, PV=1587765 184: Utah Seat 2, PV=1581595 185: California Seat 22, PV=1578603 186: Wisconsin Seat 4, PV=1550534 187: Texas Seat 14, PV=1549507 188: New Jersey Seat 6, PV=1538069 189: Michigan Seat 7, PV=1536217 190: Maryland Seat 4, PV=1532254 191: Florida Seat 11, PV=1528294 192: New York Seat 13, PV=1521615 193: Ohio Seat 8, PV=1519986 194: California Seat 23, PV=1508407 195: Georgia Seat 6, PV=1498381 196: Arizona Seat 4, PV=1483987 197: North Carolina Seat 6, PV=1472948 198: Illinois Seat 9, PV=1465955 199: Pennsylvania Seat 9, PV=1449647 200: California Seat 24, PV=1444190 201: Texas Seat 15, PV=1442512 202: Minnesota Seat 4, PV=1421918 203: Massachusetts Seat 5, PV=1421148 204: Nevada Seat 2, PV=1415650 205: Oklahoma Seat 3, PV=1412056 206: New York Seat 14, PV=1408742 207: Oregon Seat 3, PV=1399696 208: Florida Seat 12, PV=1395135 209: Connecticut Seat 3, PV=1391936 210: California Seat 25, PV=1385219 211: Indiana Seat 5, PV=1361940 212: Texas Seat 16, PV=1349347 213: Ohio Seat 9, PV=1340502 214: California Seat 26, PV=1330875 215: Michigan Seat 8, PV=1330403 216: Washington Seat 5, PV=1321221 217: New York Seat 15, PV=1311467 218: Illinois Seat 10, PV=1311190 219: New Jersey Seat 7, PV=1299906 220: Pennsylvania Seat 10, PV=1296604 221: Virginia Seat 6, PV=1296404 222: Louisiana Seat 4, PV=1293342 223: New Mexico Seat 2, PV=1289636 224: Alabama Seat 4, PV=1287817 225: Florida Seat 13, PV=1283338 226: West Virginia Seat 2, PV=1282039 227: California Seat 27, PV=1280635 228: Tennessee Seat 5, PV=1274567 229: Texas Seat 17, PV=1267490 230: Georgia Seat 7, PV=1266363 231: Missouri Seat 5, PV=1253597 232: North Carolina Seat 7, PV=1244868 233: Colorado Seat 4, PV=1244733 234: California Seat 28, PV=1234051 235: New York Seat 16, PV=1226765 236: Nebraska Seat 2, PV=1212949 237: Wisconsin Seat 5, PV=1201039 238: Ohio Seat 10, PV=1198981 239: Iowa Seat 3, PV=1196952 240: Texas Seat 18, PV=1195001 241: California Seat 29, PV=1190737 242: Florida Seat 14, PV=1188140 243: Maryland Seat 5, PV=1186879 244: Illinois Seat 11, PV=1186016 245: Michigan Seat 9, PV=1173305 246: Pennsylvania Seat 11, PV=1172822 247: Kentucky Seat 4, PV=1168970 248: Mississippi Seat 3, PV=1164702 249: South Carolina Seat 4, PV=1161935 250: Massachusetts Seat 6, PV=1160362 251: New York Seat 17, PV=1152345 252: California Seat 30, PV=1150361 253: Arizona Seat 5, PV=1149491 254: Texas Seat 19, PV=1130358 255: New Jersey Seat 8, PV=1125751 256: California Seat 31, PV=1112634 257: Indiana Seat 6, PV=1112019 258: Florida Seat 15, PV=1106098 259: Minnesota Seat 5, PV=1101413 260: Kansas Seat 3, PV=1099749 261: Georgia Seat 8, PV=1096703 262: Virginia Seat 7, PV=1095662 263: Arkansas Seat 3, PV=1093996 264: New York Seat 18, PV=1086441 265: Ohio Seat 11, PV=1084519 266: Illinois Seat 12, PV=1082679 267: Washington Seat 6, PV=1078773 268: North Carolina Seat 8, PV=1078088 269: California Seat 32, PV=1077303 270: Texas Seat 20, PV=1072352 271: Pennsylvania Seat 12, PV=1070635 272: Michigan Seat 10, PV=1049436 273: California Seat 33, PV=1044148 274: Tennessee Seat 6, PV=1040679 275: Florida Seat 16, PV=1034660 276: New York Seat 19, PV=1027671 277: Missouri Seat 6, PV=1023558 278: Texas Seat 21, PV=1020010 279: California Seat 34, PV=1012972 280: Louisiana Seat 5, PV=1001819 281: Oklahoma Seat 4, PV=998475 282: Alabama Seat 5, PV=997538 283: Illinois Seat 13, PV=995920 284: New Jersey Seat 9, PV=992819 285: Ohio Seat 12, PV=990026 286: Oregon Seat 4, PV=989735 287: Pennsylvania Seat 13, PV=984841 288: Connecticut Seat 4, PV=984247 289: California Seat 35, PV=983604 290: Massachusetts Seat 7, PV=980685 291: Wisconsin Seat 6, PV=980644 292: New York Seat 20, PV=974934 293: Texas Seat 22, PV=972541 294: Florida Seat 17, PV=971894 295: Maryland Seat 6, PV=969082 296: Georgia Seat 9, PV=967201 297: Colorado Seat 5, PV=964166 298: California Seat 36, PV=955891 299: North Carolina Seat 9, PV=950784 300: Michigan Seat 11, PV=949251 301: Virginia Seat 8, PV=948871 302: Indiana Seat 7, PV=939828 303: Arizona Seat 6, PV=938556 304: California Seat 37, PV=929698 305: Texas Seat 23, PV=929295 306: New York Seat 21, PV=927347 307: Illinois Seat 14, PV=922043 308: Idaho Seat 2, PV=917311 309: Florida Seat 18, PV=916310 310: Utah Seat 3, PV=913134 311: Pennsylvania Seat 14, PV=911786 312: Washington Seat 7, PV=911729 313: Ohio Seat 13, PV=910692 314: Kentucky Seat 5, PV=905480 315: California Seat 38, PV=904901 316: Maine Seat 2, PV=903492 317: South Carolina Seat 5, PV=900031 318: Minnesota Seat 6, PV=899300 319: Texas Seat 24, PV=889733 320: New Jersey Seat 10, PV=888004 321: New York Seat 22, PV=884191 322: California Seat 39, PV=881393 323: Tennessee Seat 7, PV=879534 324: New Hampshire Seat 2, PV=875691 325: Florida Seat 19, PV=866743 326: Michigan Seat 12, PV=866543 327: Georgia Seat 10, PV=865091 328: Missouri Seat 7, PV=865064 329: Hawaii Seat 2, PV=860295 330: California Seat 40, PV=859076 331: Illinois Seat 15, PV=858375 332: Texas Seat 25, PV=853401 333: North Carolina Seat 10, PV=850407 334: Massachusetts Seat 8, PV=849298 335: Pennsylvania Seat 15, PV=848826 336: Iowa Seat 4, PV=846373 337: New York Seat 23, PV=844874 338: Ohio Seat 14, PV=843137 339: California Seat 41, PV=837861 340: Virginia Seat 9, PV=836825 341: Wisconsin Seat 7, PV=828795 342: Mississippi Seat 4, PV=823569 343: Florida Seat 20, PV=822264 344: Texas Seat 26, PV=819922 345: Maryland Seat 7, PV=819024 346: Louisiana Seat 6, PV=817981 347: California Seat 42, PV=817668 348: Nevada Seat 3, PV=817326 349: Alabama Seat 6, PV=814487 350: Indiana Seat 8, PV=813914 351: New York Seat 24, PV=808905 352: New Jersey Seat 11, PV=803230 353: Illinois Seat 16, PV=802936 354: California Seat 43, PV=798426 355: Michigan Seat 13, PV=797104 356: Pennsylvania Seat 16, PV=794004 357: Arizona Seat 7, PV=793224 358: Washington Seat 8, PV=789581 359: Texas Seat 27, PV=788970 360: Colorado Seat 6, PV=787238 361: Ohio Seat 15, PV=784917 362: Georgia Seat 11, PV=782504 363: Florida Seat 21, PV=782129 364: California Seat 44, PV=780069 365: Kansas Seat 4, PV=777640 366: New York Seat 25, PV=775874 367: Arkansas Seat 4, PV=773572 368: Oklahoma Seat 5, PV=773415 369: North Carolina Seat 11, PV=769222 370: Oregon Seat 5, PV=766645 371: California Seat 45, PV=762537 372: Connecticut Seat 5, PV=762395 373: Tennessee Seat 8, PV=761699 374: Texas Seat 28, PV=760270 375: Minnesota Seat 7, PV=760047 376: Illinois Seat 17, PV=754227 377: Missouri Seat 8, PV=749168 378: Massachusetts Seat 9, PV=749010 379: Virginia Seat 10, PV=748479 380: Pennsylvania Seat 17, PV=745837 381: California Seat 46, PV=745776 382: Florida Seat 22, PV=745731 383: New York Seat 26, PV=745436 384: New Mexico Seat 3, PV=744571 385: Rhode Island Seat 2, PV=742223 386: West Virginia Seat 3, PV=740185 387: Kentucky Seat 6, PV=739321 388: Michigan Seat 14, PV=737975 389: South Carolina Seat 6, PV=734872 390: Ohio Seat 16, PV=734223 391: Texas Seat 29, PV=733586 392: New Jersey Seat 12, PV=733245 393: California Seat 47, PV=729736 394: Indiana Seat 9, PV=717805 395: Wisconsin Seat 8, PV=717758 396: New York Seat 27, PV=717296 397: California Seat 48, PV=714372 398: Georgia Seat 12, PV=714325 399: Florida Seat 23, PV=712571 400: Illinois Seat 18, PV=711092 401: Maryland Seat 8, PV=709296 402: Texas Seat 30, PV=708711 403: Pennsylvania Seat 18, PV=703182 404: North Carolina Seat 12, PV=702200 405: Nebraska Seat 3, PV=700296 406: California Seat 49, PV=699641 407: Washington Seat 9, PV=696345 408: Louisiana Seat 7, PV=691320 409: New York Seat 28, PV=691204 410: Ohio Seat 17, PV=689682 411: Alabama Seat 7, PV=688367 412: Michigan Seat 15, PV=687017 413: Arizona Seat 8, PV=686952 414: California Seat 50, PV=685505 415: Texas Seat 31, PV=685468 416: Florida Seat 24, PV=682234 417: Virginia Seat 11, PV=677025 418: New Jersey Seat 13, PV=674488 419: Illinois Seat 19, PV=672626 420: California Seat 51, PV=671929 421: Tennessee Seat 9, PV=671755 422: Massachusetts Seat 10, PV=669935 423: New York Seat 29, PV=666943 424: Colorado Seat 7, PV=665337 425: Pennsylvania Seat 19, PV=665144 426: Texas Seat 32, PV=663702 427: Missouri Seat 9, PV=660704 428: California Seat 52, PV=658881 429: Minnesota Seat 8, PV=658220 430: Georgia Seat 13, PV=657083 431: Iowa Seat 5, PV=655597 432: Florida Seat 25, PV=654376 433: Ohio Seat 18, PV=650239 434: California Seat 53, PV=646330 435: North Carolina Seat 13, PV=645930 Just for grins show where additional seats would have gone. 436: Utah Seat 4, PV=645683 437: New York Seat 30, PV=644328 438: Texas Seat 33, PV=643275 439: Michigan Seat 16, PV=642645 440: Indiana Seat 10, PV=642024 441: Montana Seat 2, PV=640155 442: Illinois Seat 20, PV=638109 443: Mississippi Seat 5, PV=637933 444: California Seat 54, PV=634248 445: Wisconsin Seat 9, PV=633003 Show how many Seats each state received. Alabama - 7 seats Alaska - 1 seats Arizona - 8 seats Arkansas - 4 seats California - 53 seats Colorado - 7 seats Connecticut - 5 seats Delaware - 1 seats Florida - 25 seats Georgia - 13 seats Hawaii - 2 seats Idaho - 2 seats Illinois - 19 seats Indiana - 9 seats Iowa - 5 seats Kansas - 4 seats Kentucky - 6 seats Louisiana - 7 seats Maine - 2 seats Maryland - 8 seats Massachusetts - 10 seats Michigan - 15 seats Minnesota - 8 seats Mississippi - 4 seats Missouri - 9 seats Montana - 1 seats Nebraska - 3 seats Nevada - 3 seats New Hampshire - 2 seats New Jersey - 13 seats New Mexico - 3 seats New York - 29 seats North Carolina - 13 seats North Dakota - 1 seats Ohio - 18 seats Oklahoma - 5 seats Oregon - 5 seats Pennsylvania - 19 seats Rhode Island - 2 seats South Carolina - 6 seats South Dakota - 1 seats Tennessee - 9 seats Texas - 32 seats Utah - 3 seats Vermont - 1 seats Virginia - 11 seats Washington - 9 seats West Virginia - 3 seats Wisconsin - 8 seats Wyoming - 1 seats |